Actions Speak Louder Than Words: The Practical Wisdom of Epictetus
Episode #358
In The Handbook of Epictetus, paragraph 46, the Stoic philosopher provides a powerful lesson on humility, wisdom, and the importance of embodying philosophy rather than simply discussing it. His words offer a practical guide on how to conduct oneself in social environments and how true wisdom is demonstrated through actions, not rhetoric.
Never Call Yourself a Philosopher
Epictetus warns against labeling oneself a philosopher: "Never call yourself a philosopher and do not talk a great deal among non-philosophers about philosophical propositions, but do what follows from them." This is a lesson in humility. There’s a certain narcissism in the self-improvement and philosophy communities, where individuals often proclaim their enlightenment, hoping to be seen as evolved and wise. But a true philosopher doesn’t seek validation—they recognize their own shortcomings and continuously strive for growth.
Declaring oneself a philosopher is akin to boasting about being a good person. It’s an arbitrary label. Instead of proclaiming wisdom, one should focus on embodying it. If necessary, one might say, "I study philosophy," but to call oneself a philosopher is to engage in unnecessary self-promotion. The essence of Stoicism is humility—understanding that knowledge is a lifelong pursuit, not a title to be claimed.
Philosophy Is Not for Display
Epictetus advises against engaging in philosophical discussions with those uninterested in them. "If talk about philosophical propositions arises among non-philosophers, for the most part, be silent, since there is a great danger of your spewing out what you have not digested." This is akin to the biblical warning, "Do not cast pearls before swine."In other words, there is little benefit in discussing philosophy with those who do not care for it.
This isn’t about arrogance or judging others—it’s about understanding context. Forcing deep philosophical discussions upon those uninterested is socially inappropriate and can often lead to misinterpretation. Moreover, there is a risk of expressing ideas one hasn’t fully understood. Philosophy, like any discipline, requires digestion before application. A superficial grasp of concepts can lead to misrepresentation, doing more harm than good.
The Example of Socrates
Epictetus references Socrates as a model of humility: "He was that tolerant of being overlooked." Socrates didn’t seek recognition—people came to him because they recognized his wisdom. The same applies in life: those who act wisely and competently will naturally attract those who seek guidance.
This is especially relevant in the workplace. The most competent individuals do not impose their help on others; instead, their expertise becomes evident through their actions. The more useful and reliable you become, the more others will seek your input. This is the essence of leadership—leading by example, not by proclamation.
Humility and Growth
Epictetus also touches on an essential Stoic principle: emotional resilience. "When someone says to you that you know nothing and you are not hurt by it, then you know that you are making a start at your task." True progress is evident when criticism no longer wounds the ego. Developing this level of detachment allows one to remain focused on growth rather than external validation.
The Sheep Analogy: Actions Over Words
Perhaps the most powerful metaphor in this passage is the analogy of sheep: "Sheep do not show how much they have eaten by bringing the feed to the shepherds, but they digest the food inside themselves and outside themselves, they bear wool and milk." The lesson here is clear—wisdom should manifest in actions, not words. A person who internalizes philosophy does not need to advertise it; their behavior will reflect their understanding.
Instead of boasting about Stoic principles, one should live by them. Don’t lecture others about the dichotomy of control—demonstrate it by maintaining composure in the face of adversity. Don’t preach resilience—show it through unwavering perseverance. Just as sheep produce wool and milk without announcing their diet, a true philosopher’s wisdom is evident in their conduct.
Final Thoughts: Let Your Actions Speak
Epictetus’ guidance is a reminder that philosophy is not an academic exercise or a badge of honor—it is a way of life. The true measure of wisdom is not in how eloquently one speaks about it, but in how one applies it.
Live in accordance with your values. Let your discipline, resilience, and humility serve as quiet testimony to your understanding of philosophy. When you embody wisdom rather than merely discuss it, you will inspire others—not by words, but by example.
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Brandon Tumblin is most well-known for his podcast, The Strong Stoic Podcast, where he discusses philosophical ideas (solo and guest episodes).
Brandon is also a writer for THE STOIC, the official journal of The Stoic Gym.